Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.1.
Concentration of selected
Fusarium
toxins in isogenic and transgenic (Bt) maize grains
(concentration in the transgenic hybrids expressed as a per cent of the isogenic foundation hybrid), by
various authors.
Mycotoxin
Deoxynivalenol
Zearalenone
Fumonisin B
1
Growing season/
region
Isogenic
(ng/g)
Bt
(%)
Isogenic
(ng/g)
Bt
(%)
Isogenic
(μg/g)
Bt
(%)
Author
n.r.
a
n.r.
n.r.
Munkvold
et al
.,
1999
1995
1996
1997
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
8.8
7.0
b
16.5
b
54
24
13
Cahagnier and
Melcion, 2000
France
Spain
350
176
79
11
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
1.0
6.0
20
10
Pietri and Piva,
2000
1997 (
n
= 5)
1998 (
n
= 11)
1999 (
n
= 30)
19.8
31.6
3.9
10
17
36
n.s.d.
c
n.s.d.
Valenta
et al
., 2001
Corn borer:
infested
(
n
= 15) not
infested
(
n
= 15)
873
18
256
13
n.r.
n.r.
77
70
19
15
n.r.
n.r.
Bakan
et al
., 2002
France
France
France
Spain
Spain
472
751
179
82
271
154
44
101
20
7.4
3
33
3
7
4
<d.l.
12
133
43
75
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
Reuter
et al
., 2002
1999:
Germany
343
<d.l.
d
3
<d.l.
n.r.
n.r.
Papst
et al
., 2005
Infested plots
Protected plots
1990
1294
67
63
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
n.r.
4.849
16
<0.1
n.d.
e
Barros
et al
., 2009
2003
2004
Argentina
1800
2400
89
79
n.r.
n.r.
0.173
0.633
Total
25
32
Fumonisin
Notes:
a
Not reported;
b
total fumonisin;
c
no signifi cant difference (very low concentration);
d
below the detection limit;
e
not
detected.
1.
Maize and maize products: Barriere
et al
.
(2001), with Bt maize silage in sheep;
Donkin
et al
. (2003), with Roundup Ready
(RR) maize in dairy cattle; Custodio
et al
.
(2006), with Bt maize in pigs; Scheideler
et
al
. (2008a), with maize in laying hens.
2.
Rapeseed and co-products:
Stanford
et al
. (2003), with canola meal in sheep.
3.
Beets and co-products: Hartnell
et al
.
(2005), with sugarbeets, fodder beets and
beet pulp in three studies in sheep.
or co-products of feeds of i rst-generation
GM plants (GM plants with input traits)
show the similarity of such plants to their
isogenic, non-transgenic counterparts.
Some authors investigated the degradation
of tDNA and newly expressed proteins
during silage making and feed processing
(e.g. Berger
et al
., 2003; Aulrich
et al
., 2004;
Lutz
et al
., 2006), as well as in the digestive
tract and the ef ects of tDNA and newly
expressed proteins on intestinal microbiota
in ruminants (e.g. Chowdhury
et al
., 2003a;
Alexander
et al
., 2004; Lutz
et al
., 2005;
Wiedemann
et al
., 2006; Guertler
et al
.,
2008, 2009) and non-ruminants (e.g. Ash
et
al
., 2003; Chowdhury
et al
., 2003b; Reuter
and Aulrich, 2003; Buzoianu, 2011; Walsh
et
al
., 2011). Most authors describe a nearly
complete degradation of tDNA and newly
As expected, none of the authors found
signii cant dif erences in the digestibility of
dry matter/organic matter and various
nutrients between feed from isogenic plants
or their transgenic counterparts.
h e results of the proximal analyses and
the digestibility trials (Table 6.2) with feeds
