Influence of Feeds from GM Plants on Composition/Quality of Food of Animal Origin - Animal Nutrition with Transgenic Plants - page 149

infusion of SDA soybean oil; by Kitessa and
Young (2011) after feeding of rumen-
protected SDA oil to dairy cows (see Table
10.15); by Mejia et al . (2010) in laying hens;
and by Forster et al . (2011) in pacii c white
shrimp. Some authors (e.g. Gibbs et al .,
2010) consider the introduction of SDA oils
in animal feed as a change in order to
increase the intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA
(polyunsaturated fatty acids) of humans.
However, for some polyunsaturated fatty
acids upper limits also exist for human
nutrition and one should be careful with
supplementing such oils in animal nutrition
(Miles et al ., 2004; Harris et al ., 2007;
Schubert et al ., 2007; Hammond et al .,
2008). h erefore, animal body composition
may also be an end point (see Table 10.2) of

animal feeding studies to measure the
transfer of some ingredients of second-
generation GM plants into animal tissues,
milk or eggs. Animal body samples or
products from animals such as milk, eggs,
etc., should be considered and analysed
adequately. Furthermore, ei ciency studies
with second-generation GM plants may also
be used as or combined with studies to
measure the digestibility/bioavailability of
the newly expressed substances.

10.3.3 Conjugated linoleic acids

Apart from the transfer of fatty acids into
animal products (see above), some fatty
acids (e.g. conjugated fatty acids, CLA) may

Table 10.14. Calculation of the infl uence of added oils on the intake and pool size of n-3 fatty acids in
edible tissues (breast and leg meat with skin) in broilers. (From Rymer et al ., 2011.)
Fatty acids Control Supplemented fi sh oil Supplemented SDA oil

Intake of n-3 fatty acids (mg/
broiler):
C18:3
C18:4
C20:5
C22:5
C22:6

17,383
0
0
3
6

6,415
3,133
13,724
4,919
13,611

19,717
51,219
0
7
0

Pool size (mg/broiler) of fatty acids
in edible tissues:
C18:3
C18:4
C20:5
C22:5
C22:6

3,840
227
155
234
131

1,662
690
2,627
1,777
3,110

4,884
9,645
975
1,126
331

Table 10.15. Concentrations (mg/l) of some fatty acids in whole milk on the initial
and the fi nal days (10th day) of supplementation with ruminally protected SDA oil
(offered about 40 g C18:4 n-3 per cow and day; SDA, intake about 30 g; n = 5).
(From Kitessa and Young, 2011.)
Fatty acid Initial value (Day 1) Final values (Day 10)

C18:1 n-9, oleic acid 8,880 18,582

C18:2 n-6, linoleic acid 600 746

C18:3 n-3, linolenic acid 463 877

C18:4n-3, stearidonic acid 18 144

C20:5 n-5, EPA 13 76

C22:5 n-3, DPA 45 65

Total n-3 559 1,162

Total n-6 622 886