Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 10.10.
Selected parameters of carcass yield and composition of broilers fed glyphopsate-tolerant
canola meal (RT173), non-transgenic control and six commercial canola meals (starter: 25; grower/
fi nisher: 20% of diet; 100 broilers per treatment; mean values of combined males and females). (From
Taylor
et al
., 2004.)
Range of six commercial
varieties
Glyphosate-tolerant
RT73
Parameter
Control
Chill weight (kg/bird)
1.55
1.54-1.60
1.60
Breast meat (% of chill weight)
25.17
25.04-25.63
24.93
Thigh meat (% of chill weight)
15.55
16.44-16.89
16.66
Breast meat analysis:
Moisture (%)
75.10
74.96-75.37
75.25
Protein (%, as-is basis)
23.71
23.65-23.97
23.74
Fat (%, as-is basis)
0.86
0.76-0.92
0.82
Table 10.11.
Effects of GM maize (MON810) and RR soybeans (MON-40-30-2) on physico-chemical
properties of male broilers' breast muscle (
n
= 20). (From Stadnik
et al
., 2011.)
+ GM soybean
meal
+ GM soybean meal
+ GM maize
Treatment/parameter
Control
+ GM maize
pH
5.65
5.79
5.76
5.77
Water holding capacity (%)
49.9
55.2
49.9
52.5
Oxidation - reduction potential (mV)
363.1
350.3
333.9
355.7
Colour parameters:
L*
56.2
53.6
56.3
56.4
a*
0.79
0.34
1.40
0.56
B*
9.6
9.7
9.7
9.9
TBARS (mg/kg)
a
1.12
1.04
0.72
0.74
Note
:
a
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as parameter for lipid oxidation.
by the incorporation of transgenic maize
and soybean meal into broiler diets.
Further studies with broilers and various
GM plants (e.g. soybeans, maize, wheat,
canola, etc.) were carried out and did not
show any signii cant dif erences in body
composition and quality parameters of meat
(Aulrich
et al
., 2001; Kan and Hartnell,
2004a,b; FASS, 2013).
Some authors report no signii cant
inl uence of feed from GM plants with input
traits on the body composition and meat
quality of i sh (e.g. Brown
et al
., 2003, in
rainbow trout). Further studies can be found
in FASS (2013).
generation (GM plants with output traits).
Such biofortii ed crops may be characterized
with higher protein and/or fat content,
changed amino acids or fatty acid patterns,
changed content in vitamin precursors,
vitamins and/or minerals and contribute
towards alleviating malnutrition with
important micronutrients (Bouis
et al
.,
2003; Welch and Graham, 2004; Nestel
et
al
., 2006; Pfeif er and McClaf erty, 2007;
Mayer
et al
., 2008; Maruyama
et al
., 2011;
see Chapter 7). Some of the nutrients may
inl uence the composition and quality of
food of animal origin (e.g. fatty acids);
others may be deposed in various organs
(e.g. vitamin A and Cu in the liver) or in
animal products (e.g. iodine in milk and
eggs; vitamin E in eggs).
Furthermore, the content of non-
essential ingredients such as enzymes may
be increased, or those of undesirable
substances such as phytate, glucosinolates
GM Crops
h ere is quite another situation with feeds
from GM plants of the so-called second