Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
complete or degraded recProteins cannot be
excluded and has been discussed in detail in
a recent guidance document (EFSA, 2011),
though such ef ects have never been
reported in animals fed commercialized GM
plants. As a major result of all these studies,
no transfer of recProteins or their fragments
into animal organs or secondary products
has ever been measured.
To conclude, feed proteins are mainly
degraded in the animal GIT to peptides and
amino acids. Deduced from a few publi-
cations, there is no indication that
recProteins and conventional plant proteins
are degraded dif erently. Intact recProteins
have never been detected in tissues of
animals fed GM crops.
9.2.3 Resumé
A conclusive safety evaluation of a potential
transfer of recDNA and recProteins derived
from GM forage into animal organs can
nowadays be compiled based on feeding
studies observing transfer events, together
with unexpected endogenous reactions
comparing conventional versus GM feed.
When reviewing the principal transfer of
highly abundant feed polymers, reliable
results can only be found when tracing
ingested feed DNA (Table 9.1). Besides the
majority of reliable studies, several published
investigations introducing dif erent feeding
experiments, statistical methods and DNA/
protein-tracing technologies may need
Table 9.1. Notable feeding experiments investigating a potential transfer of feed-derived recDNA or
recProtein into farm animals. (Adapted from Einspanier and Flachowsky, 2009.)
recDNA or recProtein
found in animal tissues
GM trait
Animal species
Reference
Bt maize
Chicken, cattle
None
Einspanier et al ., 2001
Pig
None
Klotz et al ., 2002
Pig
None
Reuter and Aulrich, 2003
Chicken
None
Tony et al ., 2003
Pig
None
Chowdhury et al ., 2003a
Cattle
None
Yonemochi et al ., 2003
Calf
None
Chowdhury et al ., 2003b
Quail
None
Flachowsky et al ., 2005
Chicken
None
Aeschbacher et al ., 2005
Cattle
None
Calsamiglia et al ., 2007
Chicken
None
Scheideler et al ., 2008
Cattle
None
Guertler et al ., 2010
Pig
None
Walsh et al ., 2011
EPSPS soybean
Pig
None
Aulrich et al ., 2002
Salmon
None
Sanden et al ., 2004
Rabbit
rDNA
Tudisco et al ., 2006
Goat
rDNA
Tudisco et al ., 2010
Salmon
None
Sanden et al ., 2011
EPSPS rapeseed
Pig, sheep
rDNA
Sharma et al ., 2006
GM potato
Chicken
None
El-Sanhoty et al ., 2004
Pigs
None
Broll et al ., 2005
Bt cottonseed
Cattle
None
Castillo et al ., 2004
 
 
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