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15.12 COMMUNICATING THE RESULTS
A2
2 complex mixed design was used to assess children's toy preferences.
Childreneightyearsofagewerebroughtintoaroomforsixtyseconds.The
room contained toys, some of which were colored yellow and others of which
were colored blue. Furthermore, some of the toys were of a hands-on type
(e.g., balls, building blocks) whereas others were pretend toys (e.g., stuffed
animals, action figures). These two factors (color and toy type) constituted the
within-subjects variables in the design. The between-subjects variable was the
gender of the child, and the dependent measure was the number of seconds
the children played with each kind and color of toy.
The three-way interaction (Gender
×
2
×
×
Color
×
Toy Type) was statistically
significant, F (1, 8)
05, which accounted for 7 percent of the
within-subjects variance. It is plotted in Figure 15.3. Simple effects analysis
indicated the following results.
For the yellow toys, girls played with pretend toys more than they played
with the hands-on toys; boys played a comparable amount of time with both
types of toys. Furthermore, boys played with the hands-on toys significantly
more than girls; there was no difference in the time the girls and boys spent
playing with pretend toys.
For the blue toys, neither sex demonstrated a preference for either type of
toy. Furthermore, boys spent more time with both hands-on and with pretend
toys than the girls.
=
38
.
03, p
<.
CHAPTER 15 EXERCISES
15.1. Assume we are interested in the effects of gender, viewing anger
management videos, and participation in brief psychotherapy on an anger
response scale. The between-subjects factor is gender ( a 1 =
male and a 2 =
female). Male and female clients, suffering from anger management prob-
lems, are provided with psychotherapy ( b 1 =
individual).
Both treatments are given in a randomized order over the course of three
weekly sessions (Factor C ). The dependent measure is a five-item Anger
Response scale with 1
group and b 2 =
very angry . The five items are
summed, such that individual scores range from 5 to 20. Data were collected
at the end of each weekly session. The data are as follows:
b 1
=
not at all angry to 4
=
b 2
b 1
b 2
b 1
b 2
Subject
c 1
c 2
c 3
a 1
s 1
18
14
12
10
9
12
s 2
19
13
11
10
9
11
s 3
19
12
10
11
10
10
s 4
18
11
14
10
8
9
a 2
s 5
15
13
8
9
5
5
s 6
16
12
9
8
5
9
s 7
16
11
10
7
8
5
s 8
14
10
9
7
8
5
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