Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Source Characterization of Polycyclic
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Using Their
Molecular Indices: An Overview
of Possibilities
Efstathios Stogiannidis and Remi Laane
Contents
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................
50
2
Source Profiles of PAHs .....................................................................................................
56
2.1
Petrogenic .................................................................................................................. 56
2.2
Pyrogenic ................................................................................................................... 65
2.3
Biogenic/Diagenetic .................................................................................................. 72
3
Factors Influencing PAH Distribution in Aquatic Systems ................................................
73
4
Analytical Approach for PAH Source Characterization .....................................................
74
5
Molecular Indices ...............................................................................................................
76
5.1
Practical Concepts ..................................................................................................... 76
5.2
Sum of PAHs ............................................................................................................. 81
5.3
Low Molecular Weight PAH Ratios .......................................................................... 81
5.4
Four-Ringed PAHs .................................................................................................... 89
5.5
Sulfur PAH Indices .................................................................................................... 98
5.6
HMW Five- and Six-Ringed PAHs ........................................................................... 101
5.7
Non Isomer Ratios ..................................................................................................... 106
5.8
Assignment of PAHs to Sources ................................................................................ 108
Electronic Supplementary Material:
The online version of this chapter (doi:
10.1007/978-3-
319- 10638-0_2
) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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