Respiratory and Cardiovascular Effects of Metals in Ambient Particulate Matter: A Critical Review - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 155

Table 5 Exposure concentrations of target metals reported in ambient air studies with human volunteers
Sources or location Size fraction As Cu Fe Mn Ni V Zn Signifi cant fi ndings

Effects of PM metals on pulmonary function
Bell et al. ( 2009 )—Reported concentratio ns in Air, ng/m 3 (Ratio to U.S. Average (STN)) a
Korea

PM 2.5 -- b -- 208 (2.2) 8 (2.7) -- -- 21 (1.5) PEFR signifi cantly reduced with increases in

PM. Mn and Pb signifi cantly associated with
reduction in PEFR.

Hong et al. ( 2010 )—Inhalation Ambient Air in Children—Reported Concentrations in Air, ng/m 3 (Ratio to U.S. Average (STN))
Asian Dust Storm/
Korea

PM 2.5 8 (10) -- 264 (2.8) 22 (7.3) -- -- 101 (7.2) PM 10 and PM 2.5 not signifi cantly associated with

decreased PEFR, except in asthmatic children
(PM 10 ). Metals bound to particulates signifi cantly
associated with decrease in PEFR.

PM 10 17 (21.3) -- 563 (6.0) 43 (14.3) -- -- 153 (10.9)

Lagorio et al. ( 2006 )—Inhalation ambien t PM; Subjects with Asthma or COPD—Reported Concentrations in Air, ng/m 3 (Ratio to U.S. Average (STN))
Rome, Italy

-- -- 283 (3.0) -- 4.8 (3.7) 1.8 (1.6) 45.8 (3.3) In COPD patients, PM 2.5 signifi cantly associated
with decrease in FVC and FEV. Zn consistently
associated with decreased FVC and FEV
Roemer et al. ( 2000 )—Inhalation Ambie nt PM in Asthmatic Children—Reported Concentrations in Air, ng/m 3 (Ratio to U.S. Average (STN))
Umea, Sweden

PM 2.5 (overall
mean)

Urban -- -- 124 (1.3) -- 0.8 (0.6) 1.5 (1.4) 15.4 (1.1) Si and Fe signifi cantly associated with changes in

PEF and prevalence of symptoms.

Suburban -- -- 65 (0.7) -- 1 (0.8) 2 (1.8) 14.6 (1.0)

Kuoppio, Finland Urban -- -- 124 (1.3) -- 1 (0.8) 3.8 (3.5) 18.9 (1.4)

Suburban -- -- 32 (0.3) -- 1.3 (1.0) 2.2 (2.0) 13.3 (1.0)

Oslo, Norway Urban -- -- 105 (1.1) -- 0.2 (0.2) 2 (1.8) 6.9 (0.5)

Suburban -- -- 49 (0.5) -- 0 (0) 1.3 (1.2) 3.1 (0.2)

Amsterdam Urban -- -- 187 (2.0) -- 2.8 (2.2) 6.6 (6.0) 54.1 (3.9)

Suburban -- -- 70 (0.7) -- 0 (0) 3.3 (3.0) 15.9 (1.1)

Berlin Urban -- -- 536 (5.7) -- 2.9 (2.2) 5.7 (5.2) 91.5 (6.5)

Suburban -- -- 283 (3.0) -- 2.4 (1.8) 4.9 (4.5) 86.6 (6.2)

Hettstedt,
Germany

Urban -- -- 146 (1.6) -- 1 (0.8) 2.2 (2.0) 309.1 (22.1)

Suburban -- -- 133 (1.4) -- 1.1 (0.8) 1.9 (1.7) 60.9 (4.4)

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