Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3 Summaries of studies on the fragmentation of bare gold cluster cations and anions
Au
n
z
(
n
)
Method
Key observation(s)
References
Au
n
+
2-23
CID
CID for
n
15 results in dimer evapora-
tion. All larger clusters fragment via
monomer evaporation
[
170
]
Au
n
+
2-23
CID
Study of binding energies for the dissoci-
ation of clusters. Even electron clusters
were found to be more stable than odd
electron clusters
[
171
]
Au
15
2+
15
CID
Fragments into the complimentary ion
pairs Au
3
+
and Au
11
+
[
172
]
Au
n
+
3-23
PD
Undergo dimer evaporation
[
179
]
Au
n
+
9, 21
PD
Dissociation energies determined
[
180
]
Au
n
2+
12
CID
Sequential dissociation was used to cir-
cumvent interference with singly
charged clusters. Fragmentation into
the complimentary ions pairs Au
3
+
and
Au
9
+
was observed for Au
12
2+
[
173
]
Au
n
2+
Fission occurs for small clusters at
n
¼
15
(Eq. (
8
),
z
¼ +2). Larger clusters
undergo gold atom evaporation
(Eq. (
7
),
z
¼ +2)
7-35
CID
[
174
]
Au
n
3+
19-35
CID
Fission occurs for small clusters at
n
¼ 25
(Eq. (
8
),
z
¼ +3) and larger clusters
exhibit gold atom evaporation (Eq. (
7
),
z
¼ +3)
[
174
]
Au
n
16-30
EID
First observation of gold cluster dianions
n
¼ 20-30
[
196
]
Au
n
12-28
EID
Formation of dianions. Strong odd-even
effect observed
[
197
]
Au
n
2-21
CID
Neutral monomer and dimer evaporation
[
175
]
Au
n
+
12-72
EID
Odd-even effects. For larger clusters
magic numbers are observed
[
198
]
Au
n
6, 7
PD
Determination of dissociation energies
[
176
]
Au
n
2-7
CID
Determination of dissociation energies
[
176
]
Au
n
2+
7-35
CID
Odd-even effect disappears for
n
<
11
[
177
]
Au
n
3+
First studies for the CID of Au
n
3+
. The
dissociation energy as a function of
cluster size is smaller than Au
n
2+
.No
odd-even effects and no particularly
stable clusters were observed
19-35
CID
[
177
]
Au
n
+
7-15
PD
The energy dependence for monomer and
dimer evaporation has been calculated
for the size-selected clusters decay
pathway
[
181
]
Au
n
+
Au
9
+
shows anomalous behaviour to its
odd neighbours with less likelihood of
dimer evaporation. This is due to
electron shell closing at
n
¼ 8
2-27
PD
[
182
]
Au
n
+
14, 16
PD
Determination of dissociation energies
[
183
]
(continued)
