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whence
P
H
2
=−
P
H
1
1
(2
.
24)
and, according to (2.18) and (2.19),
=±
2
−
=−
H
1
=−
H
2
.
(2
.
25)
H
1
H
2
H
1
H
2
Relationships of this kind are exemplified in Fig. 2.2a. They will be referred to
as the
EE orthogonality
and
HH orthogonality
.
Next we will consider a special event when the complex fields
E
τ
,
H
τ
satisfy
equation which is valid for orthogonality of real vectors:
E
x
H
x
+
E
y
H
y
=
0
.
(2
.
26)
Here
P
E
P
H
=−
1
(2
.
27)
and, according to (2.13), (2.14) and (2.18), (2.19),
=±
2
−
=
.
(2
.
28)
E
H
E
H
a
H
E
τ
1
τ
1
E
τ
2
H
τ
2
b
E
τ
H
τ
Fig. 2.2
Polarization ellipses
of electric and magnetic
eigenfields for
EE
and
HH
orthogonality (
a
)and
EH
quasi-orthogonality (
b
)
