Modeling Abrupt Climate Change as the Interaction Between Sea Ice Extent and Mean Ocean Temperature Under Orbital Insolation Forcing - Abrupt Climate Change: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Impacts - page 60

Figure 3. (a) Bistable climate simulations using a Langevin differential equation (see Appendix A) forced by the insolation
reproduce some features of the D-O oscillation exhibited by the NGRIP ice core. (b) Correlation coefficients [Collins et al.,
1996] reveal the optimal noise level that produces the best shape matching between the insolation forcing and ensembles of
realizations of the forced Langevin equation. The diagram compares 100 independent realizations of the forced Langevin
simulation to the insolation function for different levels of noise (D) and several values of the orbital forcing level A. Each
different symbol shows the mean and vertical bars the standard deviation for constant values of the insolation level A. The
amplification of the weak signal (A = 0.08) is clearly strongest within a narrow range of noise level. The dashed line is the
theoretical shape of the correlation coefficient in the presence of aperiodic stochastic resonance [Collins et al., 1996].