A Review of Abrupt Climate Change Events in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean (Iberian Margin): Latitudinal, Longitudinal, and Vertical Gradients - Abrupt Climate Change: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Impacts - page 32

Figure 9. Vertical gradients in water column ventilation at the southwestern Iberian margin over the last 65 kyr in
comparison to the (a) Greenland (GISP2) [Grootes and Stuiver, 1997]) ice core record. Uppermost water column
conditions as reflected in the (b) G. ruber white δ

13 C values of cores MD99-2339 (black) [Voelker et al., 2009, this
study]) and MD99-2336 (gray) [Voelker et al., 2009, this study] (c) and in the G. bulloides δ

13 C data of core MD95-2042
[Cayre et al., 1999; Shackleton et al., 2000]. (d) ENACW-level subsurface water conditions based on the δ

13 CofG.
truncatulinoides from cores MD99-2339 (black) [Voelker et al., 2009, this study] and MD99-2336 (gray) [Voelker et al.,
2009; this study]. (e) Ventilation changes in the lower MOW level (core MD99-2339 [Voelker et al., 2006]). (f) Benthic
δ

13 C data of cores MD95-2040 (black) [de Abreu et al., 2003; Schönfeld et al., 2003; this study] and MD01-2444 (gray)
[Skinner and Elderfield, 2007]. (g) Benthic δ

13 C records of cores MD95-2042 (black) [Shackleton et al., 2000] and MD99-
2334K (gray) [Skinner and Shackleton, 2004]. (h) Benthic δ

13 C record of core MD03-2698 [Lebreiro et al., 2009].

Nomenclature and depth ranges are as in Figure 8.