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that include solar variations, greenhouse gases, and changes
in dominant modes of climate variability such as ENSO.
The abruptness of the mid-Holocene events would argue
for complex feedback in the ocean, atmosphere, biosphere,
and cryosphere that were unique to that time period and
crossed some threshold that induced feedback among Earth
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s
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Acknowledgments. The results presented in this chapter re
ect
the collective efforts of many colleagues who participated in the
eld
programs, the laboratory analyses, and numerous intellectual dis-
cussions during the formulation of the ideas presented here. Funding
has been provided by the National Science Foundation
-
s Paleocli-
mate Program Award ATM-0505476 and ATM-08235863 and The
Ohio State University
'
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