Automated Methods for the Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Size and Metabolic Type - International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology - page 290

AxioVision (Carl Zeiss Inc., Thornwood, NY, USA), and Lucia
(Laboratory Imaging Co. Prague, CZ, distributed by Nikon, Tokyo, Japan).
Recent examples in which MetaMorph was utilized include Mounier et al.
(2009) who evaluated CSA of fibers in hypertrophied mouse skeletal muscle
and Chambon et al. (2010) who measured fibers in muscles of androgen
receptor null mice. Recently, results were compared for automated analysis
of CSA with MetaMorph versus semiautomated measurements using
Image-Pro; the researchers concluded that CSA measurements obtained
using MetaMorph and Image-Pro were very similar while MetaMorph
morphometry required much less time ( Garton et al., 2010 ). AxioVision
has been used in several recent studies, including a report by Lueders
et al. (2011) , in which CSAs were measured in approximately 1000 fibers
from wild-type and

7-integrin transgenic mice, a study by Kim et al.
(2011) , in which approximately 300 adjacent fibers per sample were mea-
sured of quadriceps muscle of wild-type and mdx mice with or without skel-
etal muscle-specific expression of Akt1, and studies of CSAs of rectus
femoris muscle in models of spinal muscular atrophy ( Bowerman et al.,
2010; Riessland et al., 2010 ). AxioVision was also used to evaluate tibialis
anterior muscle after injection of antimyostatin antibody ( Murphy et al.,
2010 ) or after sciatic nerve crush injury ( Gigo-Benato et al., 2010 ), and
in the evaluation of the effects of formoterol, a beta-adrenergic agonist,
in mdx mice ( Gehrig et al., 2010 ).
Recent studies that utilized Lucia include the evaluation of CSAs in a
mouse model of diaphragm atrophy ( Haegens et al., 2012 ), evaluation of
quadriceps muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
( Natanek et al., 2011 ), and studies of muscle fibers in the elderly ( Verdijk
et al., 2009 ). Additionally, NIS elements, which is based on Lucia was used
to evaluate effect of taurine supplementation on response to hind-limb
unloading ( Pierno et al., 2011 ), to evaluate fibers in mice following admin-
istration of soluble activin receptor ( Cadena et al., 2010 ), and to evaluate
muscle regeneration in TWEAK-knockout and TWEAK-transgenic
models ( Mittal et al., 2010 ).
Additional programs recently utilized for automated CSA measurements
include SlideBook (Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Denver, CO) which
has been used to quantify muscle fibers in humans with hemidiaphragm
paralysis ( Welvaart et al., 2011 ), Image-Analysis System Software (Leica,
Germany) which was used to evaluate the effect of heart failure on rat skel-
etal muscle ( Carvalho et al., 2010 ), FoveaPro (Reindeer Graphics Inc.,
Asheville, NC, USA) used to evaluate the effects of neurotrophin-3

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