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cell-cell and cell-substrate contraction, and what pathways are involved in
such shifting. Further, nonjunctional receptors may additionally contribute
to such processes.
In terms of disease, understanding the role of junctional proteins, espe-
cially their complex interactions with numerous key signaling pathways, is
vital. Diminished plakoglobin level, for example, is thought to be associated
with poorer cancer prognosis, but it is not clear why. Such uncertainties
should be taken to reflect the complexities of disease mechanisms.
7. CONCLUDING REMARKS
The study of junctions is moving at a rapid pace, assisted by the
collaboration between molecular techniques and biomedical engineering
methods. While there is still much to be elucidated, each of the four classical
junctional structures is known to regulate a wide variety of physio-
logical processes. Researchers are beginning to appreciate the intricacy of
junctional interactions as well as becoming aware of the wide role they play
in regulating various processes. Further work will hopefully resolve many of
the current mysteries and permit the development of clinical therapies via
molecular targeting or engineering methodologies.
REFERENCES
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