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(a)
Solar
radiation
600
Upward longwave
radiation
400
Downward longwave
radiation
200
Net
radiation
0
-100
00
03
06
09
12
15
18
21
24
Local time (hr)
(b)
400
Upward longwave
radiation
200
Downward longwave
radiation
Solar
radiation
0
Net
radiation
-100
00
03
06
09
12
15
18
21
24
Local time (hr)
Figure 5.11 Diurnal variation in net solar radiation, upward and downward radiation, and net radiation at Bergen Norway
on (a) 13 April 1968 and (b) 11 January 1968. (Redrawn from Monteith and Unsworth, 1990; after Gates, 1980, published
with permission.)
Height dependence of net radiation
The main focus of interest in this chapter is on radiation exchange at terrestrial
surfaces. However, when considering the energy balance of the atmospheric
boundary layer, it is important to recognize that net radiation can change with
height above the ground. This is inevitable because there is absorption of solar
radiation as it passes through the air, and there is absorption and emission of long-
wave radiation at all levels in the atmosphere. During the day, solar radiation
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