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12S
Total Rainfall (January)
(a)
15S
15S
(b)
18S
18S
21S
21S
24S
24S
27S
27S
30S
30S
33S
33S
36S
36S
39S
39S
42S
115E 120E 125E 130E 135E 140E 145E 150E
3
1
0.5
0.5
1
3
115E 120E 125E 130E 135E 140E 145E 150E
Temperature (January)
15S
(c)
18S
21S
24S
27S
30S
33S
36S
39S
115E
120E 125E 130E 135E 140E 145E 150E
1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1
Figure 25.8 Simulated changes in climate made with the MM5 mesoscale model using natural (1788) and current (1988)
vegetation cover in Australia: (a) areas where vegetation cover was changed; (b) simulated change in total rainfall in January
(in mm); and (c) simulated change in average temperature in January (in °C). (Redrawn from Narisma and Pitman, 2003,
published with permission.) See Plate 10 for a colour version of these image.
Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) operating with a 50-km
grid spacing in an ensemble simulation of January and July climate using natural
(1788) and current (1988) vegetation cover in Australia. Figure 25.8a shows the areas
where vegetation cover was changed in their model experiment and Figures 25.8b, c
the simulated changes in total rainfall and temperature obtained in January
simulations. Werth and Avissar (2002) quantified the effects of land-cover changes
in Amazonia on local and global climate using the Goddard Institute for Space
Studies Model II global climate model in an ensemble approach with six control
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