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In-Depth Information
Mixed
vegetation
grid squares
Fractional precipitation on each grid
m
S
L d
1-
m
L u
L u
l
E
L u
H
E
l
S r
l E
P
H
S r
S r
H
L u
l
E
S r
H
Bare soil
Snow pack
Topography
Figure 24.6
Schematic diagram of SVATS with improved representation of hydrologic processes. See Plate 4 for a colour
version of this image.
effects of horizontal heterogeneity, they nonetheless differed substantially in
significant detail with respect to the level of complexity adopted.
Improving representation of hydrological processes
The next generation of land surface sub-models is characterized by the work of
Famiglietti and Wood (1994), Liang et al. (1994; 1996a, 1996b), Peters-Lidard
et al. (1997), Ducharne et al. (1999), Schaake et al. (1996) and Chen et al. (1996).
Development of this group of models, which are illustrated schematically in
Fig. 24.6, was motivated by the fact that over-simplification of hydrologic
processes in earlier models was recognized as having the potential to lead to
significant errors in water and energy budget related calculations and this could
limit the ability to project future climate change, e.g., Chen et al. (1997);
Crossley et al. (2000); and Gedney and Cox (2003).
This group of models therefore attempted to address the effects of subgrid spatial
variability on water and energy budgets due to heterogeneity of soil properties,
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