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In-Depth Information
Precipitation contours in (mm d
−
1
)
1
1
80N
(a)
2
3
H
60N
4
L
4
2
H
5
4
4
L
2
H
H
4
2
40N
5
6
H
H
L
H
H
B
2
2
10
2
L
1
4
L
2
6
2
L
L
6
20N
1
2
B
H
3
3
2
H
H
B
H
3
8
6
6
3
6
6
H
0
2
6
2
H
12
4
1
L
L
L
1
1
2
20S
1
2
8
10
L
H
H
H
4
H
6
40S
3
6
4
3
H
5
3
4
3
L
60S
1
H
1
80N
H
(b)
1
60N
2
2
40N
2
2
H
8
1
1
5
20N
1
3
H
12
16
20N
6
4
4
2
6
2
8
H
2
0
H
4
2
1
L
L
1
20S
L
1
1
3
H
2
2
6
40S
H
6
H
4
4
4
3
3
60S
180
120W
60W
0
60E
120E
180
Figure 24.3
The first GCM study to demonstrate moisture recycling over continental surfaces contributes to precipitation,
(a) and (b) respectively show modeled global precipitation for July with land-surface evaporation fixed at potential rate and
zero. (From Shukla and Mintz, 1982, published with permission.)
change and global warming. At this point in time, the developments in SVATS
can be conveniently considered as falling into three groups distinguished by
the sequence in which the associated research and development occurred
(Liang, 2005). These are described below.
