Sources, Fluxes, and Biogeochemical Cycling of Silver in the Oceans - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 30

Fig. 1 Locations of reported depths profi les of silver concentrations

Table 2 Silver Concentrations (nmol/kg) in marine sediments
Location [Ag] range Reference

Solid phase Porewaters

Coastal zones across the globe 12-2,201 Koide et al. ( 1986 )

Puget Sound, Washington, USA 140-6,560 Bloom and Crecelius

( 1987 )

Massachusetts and Cape Cod bays,
Massachusetts, USA

280-8,250 Ravizza and Bothner

( 1996 )

Madeira Abyssal Plain, eastern
Mediterranean basin, northeast Atlantic a

~0-140 Crusius and Thomson

( 2003 )

Namibian diatom belt 19 ± 10 Borchers et al. ( 2005 )

Peru OMZ b 3-1,305 Böning et al. ( 2004 )

Chile OMZ b 8-46 Böning et al. ( 2005 ,

2009 )

Coastal Massachusetts 6,000-24,000 Kalnejais et al. ( 2007 )

Western Canadian, Mexican, Peruvian
and Chilean continental margins

740-13,750 McKay and Pedersen

( 2008 )

Washington/Oregon states, USA 190-6,300 0.03-25 Morford et al. ( 2008 )

Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, USA 0.03-0.17 Kalnejais et al. ( 2010 )

a Extrapolated from graph
b Oxygen Minimum Zone

Those estuarine data documented that marked anthropogenic perturbations of
the biogeochemical cycling of silver occurred in estuarine and neritic waters from
surface runoff and point source discharges. The source of much of that discharged
silver occurred after use in X-ray and photographic processing, solders, electronics,
and as a bactericide and algaecide. Most of that silver is rapidly scavenged and
deposited in benthic sediments (Benoit et al. 2010 ), but it may subsequently be