Sources, Fluxes, and Biogeochemical Cycling of Silver in the Oceans - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 26

Sources, Fluxes, and Biogeochemical Cycling
of Silver in the Oceans

Céline Gallon and A. Russell Flegal

Contents
1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 27
2 Oceanic Silver: Data and Data Gaps.................................................................................... 29
3 Measurements of Silver in the Oceans................................................................................. 33
3.1 Waters..................................................................................................................... 33
3.2 Sediments ............................................................................................................... 39
3.3 Qualifi cations ......................................................................................................... 42
4 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 43
References .................................................................................................................................. 44

1 Introduction

This brief review of silver in the oceans was catalyzed by our observation that there was
a relative paucity of published data on the topic. A few authors have reported silver
concentrations in the North Pacifi c (Martin et al. 1983 ; Zhang et al. 2001 , 2004 ; Ranville
and Flegal 2005 ; Kramer et al. 2011 ), South Pacifi c (Murozumi 1981 ; Zhang et al.
2004 ), North Atlantic (Flegal et al. 1995 ; Rivera-Duarte et al. 1999 ; Ndung'u et al.
2001 ), South Atlantic (Flegal et al. 1995 ; Ndung'u et al. 2001 ), and Southern Oceans
(Miller and Bruland 1995 ; Sañudo-Wilhelmy et al. 2002 ), as well as in the Bering
(Zhang et al. 2004 ) and Baltic (Ndung'u 2011 ) Seas. We are not aware, however,
of any published data on silver concentrations in the Indian Ocean, and there are only
a few reports on silver concentrations in marine sediments.