Factors Influencing the Toxicity, Detoxification and Biotransformation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 18

the toxins they accumulate (which corresponds to their toxin sensitivity), and on the
rate at which they depurate the accumulated toxin. Because of the toxic effects they
produce in consumers, the presence of PSTs is monitored in shellfi sh and some-
times in environmental samples. In general, the analysis of PSTs is primarily
achieved by utilizing bioassays (i.e., in vivo , in vitro cell assay), in vitro functional
assays, immunosorbant assays or/and by chemical analysis.
The results of many studies have provided clear evidence that both bivalves and
bacteria have the ability to biotransform and detoxify PSTs. A major future research
goal should be to improve the understanding of how PSTs are degraded and bio-
transformed into less toxic analogs. Gaining such information will help to develop
new approaches for detoxifying PST contaminated shellfi sh that are destined for
human consumption.
Acknowledgements This work was fi nancially supported by the Niche Research Grant Scheme
(NRGS0003) from the Ministry of Education Malaysia.
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