Factors Influencing the Toxicity, Detoxification and Biotransformation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins - Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - page 11

Table 3 Detoxifi cation of PSTs by bivalve molluscs (adults unless indicated), as measured by the
time required to attain a regulatory level (RL) of 80 g STXeq 100 g −1

Time to RL
(weeks)

Detoxifi cation
rate (%/day) Species Location

Fast to mo derate detoxifi ers:
Clams Tresus capax 5.2 < t <11.6 - BC, Canada

Mercenaria mercenaria 3.4-6.1 9.3-9.5 L

Meretrix casta 4.4 - Kumble Estuary,

India

Mya arenaria 1.0-4.0 9.8 Maine, USA

4.7 7.7 St. Lawrence

Estuary, Can.

Mussels Mytilus edulis 0.6-9.6 10.7 Maine, USA

5.1 13.8 Gasp Bay, Canada

Mytilus californianus 2.8-9.0 6.6-7.4 Pacifi c N. America

Choromytilus palliopunctatus 1.2 < t < 7.0 17.2 Oaxaca, Mexico

Perna viridis 1.7 9.3 L

Modiolus modiolus 0.9-9.2 7.0 Maine, USA

Oysters Crassostrea gigas 0.6-2.0 - Pacifi c N. America

Crassostrea iridescens 1.8-3.8 8.9-18.1 Oaxaca, Mexico

Crassostrea cucullata 6.9 5.5 Kumble Estuary,

India

Ostrea edulis 6.4 4.0 Maine, USA

Pecten maximus (scallop) 6.4 7.4 L

Slow detox ifi ers:
Clams
and
cockles

Saxidomus giganteus 114 0.3-0.6 BC, Canada

Saxidomus nuttalli >73 0.9 CA, USA

Spisula solidissima 96-100 0.8-1.9 ME, USA

>69 0.4-1.6 Georges Bank, USA

Cardium edule 11.2 3.3 Portugal

Soletellina diphos >51 1.2-3.6 Tungkang, Taiwan

Scallops Placopecten

Dig. + mantle + gill

>28 0.2-0.6 L

magellanicus Dig. >5.2 0.6 L
Patinopecten yessoensis Dig. >12 1.2-4.1 Funka Bay, Japan
>17 3.8 Ofunato Bay, Japan
Mussel Aulacomya ater (mussel) Dig. 17 1.7-1.8 Southern Chile,
Peninsula
Values apply to whole tissues unless otherwise specifi ed ( Source : Bricelj and Shumway 1998 )
Notes : RL = Regulatory level; F = fi eld; L = laboratory; Dig. = digestive gland; juv. = juveniles; -= no data