Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Factors Infl uencing the Toxicity,
Detoxifi cation and Biotransformation
of Paralytic Shellfi sh Toxins
Kar Soon Tan and Julian Ransangan
Contents
1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 1
2 Paralytic Shellfi sh Toxins..................................................................................................... 2
3 Factors that Infl uence HABs and their Toxicity................................................................... 6
3.1 Eutrophication ........................................................................................................... .. 6
3.2 Environmental Parameters......................................................................................... .. 7
4 Accumulation and Depuration of PST in Bivalves .............................................................. 9
5 Analysis Methods for Paralytic Shellfi sh Toxins ................................................................. 10
5.1 Bioassay Methods ..................................................................................................... .. 12
5.2 Chemical Assay Methods .......................................................................................... .. 13
5.3 Immunosorbant Assays ............................................................................................. .. 14
6 Biotransformation of PSTs .................................................................................................. 15
7 Conclusions.......................................................................................................................... 16
8 Summary .............................................................................................................................. 17
References .................................................................................................................................. 18
1
Introduction
The incidence of red tide events globally has escalated in marine coastal environments
over the last several decades (Cordier et al. 2000 ). The term red tide is used to
describe a phenomenon in which a water body exhibits red coloration from the pres-
ence of high algal cell density. Red tide events are often harmful to both human and
aquatic organisms. However, the term may be confusing, because red tide refers not
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