Travel Reference
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much as we can glimpse the power of tourism in place making. Indeed, as Debbage and
Ioannides underline in Chapter 19 (as do Shaw and Agarwal in similar terms in Chapter 31) ,
it is important to celebrate the chaos of the different 'turns' mirroring an intellectual growth
and more complex maturation process, and - I would argue - this is the case not only in
economic perspectives on the geographies of tourism.
Debbage and Ioannides (Chapter 19), taking a cue from d'Hauteserre (2006), endorse
actor network theory (ANT) for disentangling the complexities of tourism as a production
system and moving beyond commodity chain approaches. They maintain that ANT is
well suited for understanding how production and consumption are mediated in creating
tourism experiences and highlight van der Duim's (2007) use of ANT to re-conceptualise
tourism through 'tourismscapes' as a possibility for improving understanding of human-
spatial relations in tourism.
Several research approaches from mainstream geography have been re-examined in the
context of tourism studies within Part III of this volume. Collectively, these chapters have
revisited some more established research approaches (which in many cases have much longer
trajectories than those outlined in Part II) and have proposed ways in which each approach
might be advanced within the changing geographies of tourism. For example, on the impor-
tance of continuing with historical geography perspectives in tourism, Timothy (Chapter 20)
maintains that, as long as human heritage is utilised as a tourism resource, there will be a need
for a historical understanding of the world around us (and therefore the need for a geographical
subfi eld that helps people understand and interpret the inseparable constructs of time and place ).
In terms of what emerging potential geography might hold for other fi elds of tourism
studies, Lew (Chapter 23) places more emphasis on the various methodological developments
in geography (such as GIS: geographical information systems) that will enhance research on
tourism from a marketing perspective, noting that never before has there been such direct
access to the movement and experiences of individual tourists. Geographers - he argues -
based on their disciplinary training, have an important role to play in applying space and place
data to successful tourism marketing and development applications.
In the study of tourism and international development from a geographical perspective,
maintains Palomino-Schalscha (Chapter 24) , it is important to acknowledge the contested
nature of development and its multiple dimensions, moving beyond mere economic factors.
She also notes a need to focus attention on both alternative and mass tourism more evenly so
as not to underplay the effects of either domain (see also Anton Clavé, Chapter 28). In stressing
the importance of environmental discourses in tourism analysis, Holden (Chapter 25) reminds
us that as environmental awareness increasingly infl uences lifestyles, it is probable that the
interaction of tourism with the environment will be placed under even greater scrutiny.
Knudsen et al. (Chapter 26) note three key areas for advancing landscape perspectives on
tourism activity, the fi rst being a need to link interpretation and embodied experience in
research on tourism landscapes. In addition, they underline a need to bring to bear the theo-
retical insights afforded by landscape to the processes by which tourism sites are chosen,
cultivated and marketed (with particular attention to the relationship between tourism spaces
and spaces of the everyday), as well as the importance of understanding in more detail the
ways in which landscape and material culture intersect tourism.
In Chapter 27, Duval and Koo recommend, from a transport geography perspective, a mix
of different approaches (a hybridised approach) that will help generate diverse perspectives on
the interplay between the politics of international air access and tourist mobilities.
The research recommendations made in Part IV on situating tourism geographies may all
relate to different tourism settings, but interestingly, authors share some similar views on how
 
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