Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
regulatory dimension in their piece on neighbourhood redevelopment and tourism. Although
not focusing centrally on gentrifi cation, various chapters in Smith's (2006) collection on
tourism, culture and regeneration looked at the policy dimension of urban regeneration and
tourism, representing a positive step in this direction. This is also the case for Judd and
Fainstein's (1999) volume
The Tourist City
(which endorses a regulator y approach to analysing
urban tourism) and Hoffman
et al.
's (2003) volume
Cities and Visitors
. On Cape Town's urban
regeneration, Visser and Kotze (2008) frame their analysis on the fact that specifi c state poli-
cies and interventions focused on inner-city regeneration are underpinning new forms of
gentrifi cation in South Africa, in particular new-build projects.
Some have linked the study of service-sector labour markets and gentrifi cation in their
research (see, for example, Herod's (1994, 1997) notion that workers are not subservient to
capital but, rather, have an active say in the way economic landscapes are formed; more in
Debbage and Ioannides,
Chapter 19
in this volume). Gladstone and Préau (2008) discuss how
the gentrifi cation of neighbourhoods surrounding New Orleans' French Quarter has largely
been an outgrowth of tourism workers' actions.
Future research on tourism as gentrifi cation
In moving towards a clearer contextualisation of tourism and gentrifi cation processes, Huning
and Novy (2006) underline that:
an increased infl ux of tourists into neighborhoods beyond the beaten path should
neither be conceived as generally 'good' nor 'bad' but that its effects are instead
shaped by:
1. the kind and extent of tourism entering a neighborhood;
2. the institutional and regulatory context (national and city politics, as well as their
underlying power relations etc.);
3. the way tourism development is planned on the local level
4. the host communities' particular (social, ethnic, spatial etc.) characteristics
tourism impinges upon.
(p. 3)
They also note that:
A priori
rejections of tourism development brush over the fact that many of the nega-
tive effects of tourism development are not inevitable. Tourism has despite its risks
and pitfalls not only the potential to encourage economic development and physical
improvements within a community, but can under certain circumstances also
contribute to neighborhoods' long-term and sustainable regeneration in other ways.
(p. 3)
In other words, future research needs to move beyond the qualifi cation of increased tourism
as positive or negative and focus on these various dimensions in specifi c local contexts. In
pursuing this objective, we call for further research that links urban political economy
approaches and cultural geography approaches in gaining a more holistic understanding of the
multiple and shifting causes and effects of gentrifi cation in tourism cities. For example,
Ribera-Fumaz's (2009) notion of Cultural Political Economy (CPE) would seem an
