Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
past and the future in mind, human populations, their relationships with their environ-
ment, their livelihoods, and their life with hazards are described.
Mountain Populations
Having settled in and utilized the resources of mountain areas for many generations,
people have adapted to the environmental conditions even while modifying those con-
ditions to sustain their livelihoods. Most general references relating to mountain pop-
ulations, and there are many, describe cultures, settlement patterns, economic activ-
ities, political issues, and development challenges (e.g., Price 1981; Stadel 1982a,
1982b; Stone 1992; Messerli and Ives 1997; Funnell and Parish 2001; Rhoades 2007;
Loffler and Stadelbauer 2008). Some studies have focused on the impacts of global
changes, rooted in natural and human causes, on mountain people and environment
(e.g., Bjornsen et al. 2005; Price 2006). Links between specific mountain populations
and environmental factors, and their influence on livelihoods and development, have re-
ceived extensive coverage (e.g., Kreutzmann 2006; Stadel 1985, 2003a, 2003b, 2006,
2008, 2010; Rhoades 2006; Sarmiento 2008; Borsdorf and Stadel 2013).
FIGURE 10.1
The world of mountain people has changed radically through the introduction of new
transportation technologies such as the 'slope bridge' of the Hochtann-berg Pass in Vorarlberg,
Austria (Photo by C. Stadel)
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