Biomedical Engineering Reference
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show the intention to make the operator more integrated and involved in the pro-
cess behaviours by visual interaction and extended possibilities to provide proper
(control) actions. This industrial-directed communication can also be seen as a
degree of symbiosis between a process and an operator.
7.2.2 The Chaos Concept
The artificial system's communication with an individual person can be mas-
sive, using all available sensing, and may comprise earlier experiences as well
as obtained knowledge. The human is highly complex but also very vulnerable
to other internal conditions, that is a system with stress, and external conditions,
e.g., disturbances. If an individual does not get enough sleep, food or exhibits
stress, unpleasant temperatures or is in a harsh environment, then her judgment
will change dramatically. These disturbances also affect the complete perceptual
system, and as a consequence, the individual ability to perform well as an essen-
tial part of a process control is limited when sensing, making decisions and acting
together with a system.
The interaction between different actors is crucial when considering both the
human and system as an integrated unit in a complex and symbiotic process. There
is indeed a need for the communication to be in such a way that both timing and
information can be processed effectively by each part in the system. The interface
consisting of an artificial human-based technology which provides the condition
that is effective for both the system and operator ability, is considered a necessity
when applying to intelligence in a symbiotic relationship between operator and
artificial system. Since the human capability in some situations can be considered
to be lagging behind other artificial parts in a system, it is essential to consider the
communication preferences and, in this case, the visual presentation interface, in
order to minimise the drawbacks of the involved individual actions.
There are many reasons to believe that we usually visualize the real world rea-
sonably accurately. But we have also reason to believe that the retinal image of the
environment will not give a complete and correct picture of the world (whatever
now is considered to be the right picture). However, the combination of some ba-
sic distinct visual cues that convey information about the environment, with the
perceptual experience achieved may provide results in a construction of a more
optimal visual representation described as a visual presentation interface.
The eye, which acts as an initial sensory receptor, provides us with an image
of the world around us. Initially, the vision sense converts light energy into a
pattern of activated neurons, where each active neuron represents a brightness
value and a spatial location. Hence the neurons, or group of neurons, encode the
visual information. The process is parallel and acts over the entire visual field and
is used for encoding. The preconscious mode is followed by a subprocess that
makes combinations, in order to construct a unified representation, in the visuo-
spatial code. The visuo-spatial code is composed of three sub-codes obtained by
encoding separate representations of the input, Glass (1986).
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