Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
plant containing chemical compounds could be detected and visualized in colour
by scanning the camera system over the industrial site. The colours are connected
to the type of exposed gas.
Figure 6.8 demonstrates an illustration of the optical camera system that de-
tects a gas leak of ethylene and ammonia as shown in the left inset. Due to the fact
that the spectra overlapped, the system used a gas-correlation cell to separate out
the ammonia from the ethylene with a specific gas-correlation imaging technique,
as shown in the right inset, Sandsten (2004a).
6.4
APPLICATIONS
In the following application part, we will introduce several illustrative artificial
sensor systems that will exemplify the influence of involvement containing an
individually developed structure, which intend to increase the specificity and
overall system performance. This effect will undoubtedly influence the interaction
with an individual user, as well as his/her actions in the system approach when
communicating with measured occurrences in a complex environment. Then, the
outline of the basic concept and the modelling of an artificial sensor system are ini-
tiated, that will complement and act as a base for a creative function as additional
information in a structure that is based on a decision-making foundation.
The following section will demonstrate illustrative applications that have orig-
inated from a research exploratory and innovative phase where some prototypes
may still not be ready for the extensive commercialisation phase. However, these
ideas have been, in controlled tests, examined through temporary implementation
in industrial products or put in conjunction with individual users in solving an im-
portant measurement problem. Therefore, the time of commercialization is a bot-
tleneck that has to be proven to present a quality and performance-based product
that needs an extensive test plan and thorough examination. Hopefully, there will
be several market introductions in the future that will solve expected human-based
perceptual problems and add complementary information to a person's sphere of
natural perception.
6.4.1 Perceptual and Complementary Systems in Industry
Sound is an excellent source of indicator that is, and has earlier, frequently been
used to detect, identify and diagnosing behaviours and quality changes in indus-
trial applications. The capacity of the human hearing as a skilled sensing unit is
that it responds to various frequency shifts or added noise. It has for a long time
been understood that mechanical failures, both considering initial as well as exist-
ing ongoing sound, often can be detected by the auditory and skin perception of
an operator, Gescheider (1970). Illustrative examples are given that diagnose faults
in rotating machines, Zio (2007), the sound shift in machine maintenance, that can
be detected by both the operator and corresponding instruments.
As automation gets more and more advanced, the tendency is to minimise the
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