Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(the temperature of heat medium jacket, flux, heat time and so on) for heat transfer
needed by each phase were devised theoretically in the normal operation of dry
anaerobic digestion process. Meanwhile, the feasibility of such a technology was
experimentally
demonstrated,
which
lays
the foundation
for the engineering
application of the dry anaerobic digestion process.
3.3 Biomass Gasification
A broad range of wood, grass and agricultural residues can be converted into
bio-oil, charcoal and producer gas or syngas through biomass gasification.
In contrast to anaerobic digestion, biomass gasification is a thermochemical
process. Under high temperature and pressure, the compounds in biomass are
converted into a combustible gas similar to the biogas from anaerobic digestion.
Like conventional biogas, the biogas created from biomass gasification can be
used for power generation, heating, co-generation, etc. [
47
-
49
].
In China, the study and application of biomass gasification started early in the
1940s, in which period biogas produced from wood gasification was used to drive
cars in some cities. In the 1950s, a series of wood gasifiers were designed and
operated to power drainage and irrigation machinery in agricultural production.
Fixed-bed gasification technology was also used for the treatment of rice husks in
the food processing industry in China. In the same period, a complete wood dry
distillation production line was introduced from Poland. However, the in-depth
investigation of biomass gasification technology was not carried out till the late
1970s and early 1980s.
At present, the most widely used biomass gasification technologies in China are
updraft fixed-bed biomass gasifier, ND series biomass gasifier, XFL series straw
gasifier, wood dry distillation technology, and rice husk gasified electricity pro-
duction technology. A brief comparison of these typical technologies is given in
Table
7
[
40
,
47
,
50
-
56
].
4 Perspectives of Biogas Technologies in China
4.1 Industrialization and Standardization
The development of medium and large biogas projects in China started in the late
1970s, but progress was slow until the 2000s. At the national planning level, MAC
issued the ''Energy and Environmental Engineering Construction Plan of Medium
and Large Livestock Farms'' in 2000, the Ministry of Environmental Protection of
China (MEPC) announced ''Regulation on Contamination Control and Manage-
ment of Livestock Farms'' and ''Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock
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