Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
generator were installed. With these improvements, the annual biogas output of the
project reached 12 million m 3 , and the annual power generating capacity reached
11 million kWh, including 1.5 million kWh from biogas burning and 9.5 million
kWh from the stream generator.
In China, the main challenges for biogas fermentation from organic wastewater
include: (1) Lack of policy support. Large and medium-sized biogas projects
involve both environmental pollution control and energy recycling. To promote
the application of such projects, the government needs to incorporate it into the
state construction plan, offer more financial support, and give more priority for its
development. (2) Lack of economic incentives. Biogas projects usually need high
initial investment. Thus preferential policies should be given, such as investment
incentives, tax exemption/release and tax repayment during the project construc-
tion and implementation. (3) Lack of technology standards and specifications.
Design and construction of biogas plants still lack the appropriate technical
standards and specifications. The defective technical service network brings dif-
ficulties in project operation, management and maintenance. The losses and
adverse effects from unreasonable design as well as the lax construction standards
also affected the development of industrial biogas projects. (4) Lack of information
sources and channels in development of biogas projects. The main organic
wastewater discharge in China is from small and medium enterprises, which are
numerous and are widely spread all over the country. However, many of these
companies lack information sources and channels for developing biogas projects.
In recent years, the loss resulting from fraud presents another obstacle to the
development of industrial-based biogas projects.
2.2.2 Lignocellulosic Waste
China is a large agricultural country with 80% of its population living in rural
areas. About 700 million tons of crop straw are produced each year, of which,
about 370 million tons of straw can potentially be used as an energy source [ 14 ].
Anaerobic methane fermentation is an important avenue for recovering energy
from straw and other biomass resources. Using this technology, the large amount
of straw can be efficiently used for energy production at relatively small scale with
low investment [ 15 ].
Intensive investigations on improving biogas production from lignocellulosic
wastes have been carried out in China. Table 3 shows the recent development of
straw biogas fermentation technology in China [ 16 - 30 ].
By the end of 2009, about 10 large-scale straw biogas projects had been built
and put into operation in China, and 16 pilot-scale projects were operated in 13
provinces (cities, districts) including Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tianjin,
Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi and Shaanxi. Recently, Jiangsu, Guangxi and
several other provinces also started to play an active role in exploring regional
straw biogas technology and improving its management [ 31 ].
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