Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
1
max
0
-1
min
-2
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
N
max
1.5
1
N
0.5
N
average
N
min
0
-0.5
0
0.5
Dimensionless time
t
1
1.5
FIGURE 14.7
Evolution of
ψ
max
,
ψ
min
,
and concentration
N
for
Pe =
5at
Ra =
52
,
F
=
L
cr
,n
cell
=1.
can appear, but only temporarily. In certain simulation cases, this “
pseudo-
permanent
” state persists for a very long time and subsequently establish into
one of two permanent states shown in Figure 14.9:
1.
One cell, shifting toward the sidewall.
2.
Two cells, symmetrical with respect to the vertical center line.
14.3 Experimental Study of the Pattern Formation in a
Suspension of Gravitactic Microorganisms
14.3.1 Introduction
Many authors have revealed bioconvective patterns with different species
of microorganisms. Wager studied pattern formation in populations of the
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