In Situ Characterizations of Porous Media for Applications in Biofuel Cells: Issues and Challenges - Porous Media: Applications in Biological Systems and Biotechnology - page 506

TABLE 13.1
Summary by Murray et al. Illustrates the Ability for in situ Characterization of Porous Films among Four Complementary
Techniques

Film
thickness

Refractive
index
(film and
skeleton)

Mean
film
density

Porosity Pore
size
distri-
bution

Surface
area

Elastic
modulus

Hardness Atomic
density

LSAW

EP

RBS/ERD

Nanoindentation

= Proven,
= Possible,
= Proven for dense films.
LSAW = laser-generated surface acoustic waves.
RBS/ERD = Rutherford backscattering/elastic recoil detection.
EP = ellipsometric porosimetry.
Source : Courtesy of Elsevier. Murray et al. (2002).