Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
9.9 Conclusions
The link between the theory of porous media and transport by the
electroporation of the SC must be made. A model that represents large
molecule transdermal transport should include electrophoretic effects. These
effects occur during the pulse and that is also the time during which the skin
SC structure is undergoing radical structural rearrangements. In this chap-
ter we have covered some of the porous media models that are being used to
describe passive transport through the SC . The chapter has covered some of
the most current methods used to describe skin electroporation and has shown
the methods that researchers are using at this stage to estimate the extent of
magnitude of electroporation. We have concluded with a description of moder-
ate long-pulse electroporation protocols in which localized microscopic regions
of high permeability are created within the SC as a result of localized Joule
heating. Supporting experimental findings have been provided to illuminate
what phenomena the electroporation model should be expected to capture.
What the field still lacks is a link between the porous-media-focused models
used in the passive transport descriptions and the models that describe the
degree of electroporation-induced SC permeation. Further work must be done
that allows the description of the transient structural behavior of the SC to
be considered in terms of the porosity and tortuosity of the SC architecture.
9.10 References
Al-Saidan, S. M., Barry, B. W., and Williams, A. C. (1998). Differential scan-
ning calorimetry of human and animal stratum corneum membranes. Inter-
national Journal of Pharmaceutics, 168 (1):17-22.
Barbero, A. M. and Frasch, H. F. (2005). Modeling of diffusion with partition-
ing in stratum corneum using a finite element model. Annals of Biomedical
Engineering, 33 (9):1281-292.
Bart, G. C. J. and VanderLaag, P. C. (1990). Modeling of arbitrary-shaped
specific and latent heat curves in phase-change storage simulation routines.
Journal of Solar Energy Engineering-Transactions of the ASME, 112 (1):29-
33.
Becker, S. M. and Kuznetsov, A. V. (2007a). Numerical assessment of thermal
response associated with in vivo skin electroporation: the importance of the
composite skin model. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions
of the ASME , 129 (3):330-340.
 
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