Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
5
Influence of Biofilms on Porous Media
Hydrodyna mics
Robin Gerlach
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biofilm
Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
Alfred B. Cunningham
Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Biofilm Engineering,
Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
CONTENTS
5.1
Introduction and Overview ................................................. 174
5.2
An Introduction to Biofilms ................................................ 174
5.2.1
Microbial Transport and Attachment............................... 176
5.2.2
Biofilm Growth...................................................... 177
5.2.3
Microbial Detachment and Propagation ............................ 180
5.3
Experimental Systems and Techniques for the Investigation
of Biofilms in Porous Media ................................................ 181
5.3.1
The Challenge of Imaging Biofilms in Porous Media ............... 182
5.3.2
Porous Media Biofilm Reactors ..................................... 183
5.4
Biofilms in Porous Media and Their Effect on Hydrodynamics ............ 186
5.4.1
The Relationship of Porous Media Hydrodynamics
and Biofilm Structure ............................................... 186
5.4.2
Porosity ............................................................. 189
5.4.3
Permeability ......................................................... 190
5.4.4
Dispersion and Diffusion ............................................ 197
5.4.5
Constant Head versus Constant Flow .............................. 198
5.5
A Few Notes on Modeling .................................................. 202
5.5.1
Macroscopic versus Microscopic Models ............................ 202
5.5.2
Mixed Domain (Hybrid) Models .................................... 203
5.6
Porous Media Biofilms in Nature and Technology ......................... 203
5.6.1
Subsurface Biofilm Barriers for the Control and
Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater ....................... 205
Acknowledgments
Financial support was provided by the Oce of Science (BER), U.S. Department of
Energy, Grant No. DE-FG-02-09ER64758 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF)
Award No.: DMS-0934696. Logan Schultz is acknowledged for his various contributions.
Assistance in the preparation of figures by Peg Dirckx and Chantel Naylor is gratefully
acknowledged.
173
 
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