MATERIALS FOR ORTHOPEDIC APPLICATIONS - Advanced Biomaterials: Fundamentals, Processing, and Applications - page 53

3.6.1.2 Corrosion of Metallic Implants 81

3.6.2 Ti - Based Alloys 83

3.6.3 Co - Cr - Mo, Ni or Ta - Based Alloys 85

3.6.4 Other Non - Ferrous Metals and Their Alloys 86

3.7 Coating on Metals 86

3.8 Outlook and Recommendations for Future Work 91

Acknowledgments 93

References 93

Abbreviations
AS: Artifi cial Saliva
BCP: Biphasic Calcium Phosphate
BG: Bio Glass
BMO: Bone Marrow Cells
CaP: Calcium Phosphate
CF: Carbon Fiber
CP: Commercially Pure
CT: Computer Tomography
CTE: Coeffi cient of Thermal Expansion
DLC: Diamond Like Carbon
DLF: Direct Laser Forming
DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimetry
EDS: Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
EVA: Ethyl Vinyl Alcohol
FGM: Functionally Graded Materials
FHA: Flurohydroxyapatite
FSZ: Fully Stabilized Zirconia
HAp: Hydroxyapatite
HDPE: High Density Polyethylene
HIP: Hot Isostatic Pressing
KF: Kevler Fiber
MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MW: Microwave
OCP: Octa Calcium Phosphate
PDMS: Poly Di-methyl Sulphonate
PE: Polyethylene
PEEK: Polyethylene Ether Ketone

PEMF: Pulse electromagnetic fi elds
PET: Polyethylenetelephthalate
PLA: Poly Lactic Acid
PLLA: Poly-L-Lactide Acid
PLDA: Polylactideglycolide Acid
PMMA: Polymethylmethacrylate
PS: Poly Sialane
PSZ: Partially stabilized Zirconia
PTFE: Ploy tetrafl uro ethylene
PU: Poly Urethane
SBF: Simulated Body Fluid
SEM: Scanning Electron Microscopy
SPS: Spark Plasma Sintering
SR: Silicone Rubber
SS: Stainless Steel
TCP: Tricalcium Phosphate
TEM: Transmission Electron Microscopy
THR: Total Hip Replacement
TTCP: Tetracalcium Phosphate
UHMWPE: Ultra High Molecular Weight
Polyethylene
XRD: X-Ray Diffraction
Y-TZP: Yttria doped Tetragonal Zirconia
Polycrystal
ZCP: Zero Current Potential
ZTA: Zirconia Toughened Alumina

3.1 OVERVIEW

This chapter reviews various materials and their properties that are relevant in
biomedical applications, such as hard tissue replacement. A major emphasize has
been placed on presenting various design aspects, in terms of materials processing
of ceramics and polymer based biocomposites. Among the bioceramic compos-
ites, the research results obtained with hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based biomaterials
with metallic (Ti) or ceramic (Mullite) reinforcements as well as SiO 2 - MgO -