Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3
MATERIALS FOR ORTHOPEDIC
APPLICATIONS
Shekhar Nath and Bikramjit Basu
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
Contents
Abbreviations
54
3.1 Overview
54
3.2 Introduction
55
3.3 Structure and Properties of Hard Tissues
57
3.4 Processing and Properties of Bioceramics and Bioceramic Composites
59
3.4.1 Calcium Phosphate Based Biomaterials
59
3.4.2 Hydroxyapatite - Ceramic Composites
62
3.4.3 Hydroxyapatite - Titanium Composites
63
3.4.4 Glass - Ceramics Based Biomaterials
66
3.4.4.1 Mica Based Glass Ceramics
66
3.4.4.2 Other Bioglass - Ceramics
69
3.4.5 Bioinert Ceramics
70
3.5 Polymeric Biomaterials
72
3.5.1 Polymer - Polymer Composites
73
3.5.2 Polymer - Ceramic Composites
74
3.5.2.1 HDPE - HAp - Al
2
O
3
Hybrid Composites
76
3.6 Metals and Alloys in Biomedical Applications
79
3.6.1 Issues Limiting Performance of Metallic Biomaterials
81
3.6.1.1 Wear of Implants
81
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