TITANIUM NITRIDE AND DIAMOND LIKE CARBON COATINGS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR APPLICATIONS - Advanced Biomaterials: Fundamentals, Processing, and Applications - page 687

25 25

20 20

15 15

10 10

5 5

0 0

Ti6AI4V UHMWPE CP Ti CpTi + DLC Ti6AL4V + TiN

Figure 21.9. Platelet Consumption when exposed to whole blood for 30 minute duration.
Lower platelet consumption indicates that less number of platelets are activated by exposure
to the material surface and hence less is the chance of thrombus formation.

15

12

9

6

3

0

Ti6AI4V + TiN Ti6AI4V UHMWPE CpTi + DLC CP Ti

Figure 21.10. White blood cell (WBC) consumption when exposed to whole blood for 30
minute duration. The consumption of the white blood cells is not affected by the presence of
the coating.

Hemolysis estimation of the coated and uncoated materials established their
non-hemolytic nature. The studies on the effect of material on the complement
activation have shown that there is no marked difference between the coated and
uncoated samples. In general, the DLC and TiN coatings provide surfaces that are
less thrombogenic without compromising the coagulation and complement acti-
vation properties.

21.8.3 Tissue Compatibility
The assessment of tissue compatibility included studies related to systemic toxic-
ity, sensitization, intracutaneous reactivity, and chronic toxicity studies involving
intramuscular implantation. All these were carried out using ISO 10993 series