Biomedical Engineering Reference
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(a)
StdHA
cow bone treated with NaCLO
211
A- HA
B- bone apatite
3000
112 300
002
2000
202
102 210
1000
A
301
B
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
2Theta (°)
(b)
P-O
*cowbone-NaOCI
*nist HA STD
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
-0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
P-O
A- HA
B- bone apatite
O-H
C-O
C-O
O-H
H-O-H
B
A
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
Wavenumbers (cm
-1
)
Figure 2.11.
Comparative x-ray diffraction profi le (11A) and FT-IR spectra (11B) of ceramic
HA and bovine bone showing difference in crystal size (HA >>> bone) and in composition (B),
primarily in the presence of CO
3
in bone apatite (11B).
HA is also used as a source material for depositing coating on commercial
orthopedic and dental implants by plasma-spray method [30,82] and as an alter-
native abrasive material for implant surface modifi cation [37,55]. Composite bio-
materials made with calcium phosphates include polyethylene/HA, silicon/BCP,
and collagen/CHA [8,43,75,93].
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