Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
the problem of scale-up production and much work is needed in this area in order
to commercialize such scaffolds for bone repair.
MSCs from bone marrow are typically favored in bone repair, although
results obtained from the use of MSCs from other sources have shown that these
cells are in no way inferior to that of bone-marrow derived MSCs. The cascade of
the orchestrated processes of gene expression in biological pathways renders
further investigation so that the interplay between the various biomolecules and
proteins can be understood. This would greatly facilitate the material selection
and the choice of growth factors and biomolecules to be incorporated into the
material constructs.
It is conceivable that such tissue-engineered nano-materials will be the new
generation of bone grafts, judging from the nascent state of regenerative medi-
cine, fulfi lling the desired characteristics (for example, material chemistry, surface
area, mechanical integrity, angiogensis, optimal concentration of cells residing in
the material, potential for possible drug delivery, and so on) of an ideal bone graft
in terms of osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity and osteogenicity. Due to the com-
plexity of bone regeneration, the ideal delivery system needs to address several
issues such as the controlled release of biomolecules from the carrier material
and structural similarity as natural bone.
REFERENCES
1. Woolf AD . The Bone and Joint Decade 2000 - 2010 . Ann Rheum Dis 59 , 81 - 82 . 2000 .
2. Siris ES . Paget ' s Disease of Bone . J Bone Miner Res 13 ( 7 ), 1061 - 1065 . 1998 .
3. Engelbert RH , Pruijs HE , Beemer FA , Helders PJ . Osteogenesis Imperfecta in
Childhood: Treatment Strategies . Arch Phys Med Rehabil 79 , 1590 - 1594 . 1998 .
4. Johnson EE , Urist MR . Human bone morphogenetic protein allografting for recon-
struction of femoral nonunion. Clin Orthop 371 , 61 - 74 . 2000 .
5. Johnson EE , Urist MR , Finerman GA . Repair of segmental defects of the tibia with
cancellous bone grafts augmented with human bone morphogenetic protein. A pre-
liminary report. Clin Orthop 236 , 249 - 257 . 1998 .
6. Johnson EE , Urist MR , Finerman GA . Bone morphogenetic protein augmentation
grafting of resistant femoral nonunions. A preliminary report . Clin Orthop 230 , 257 -
265 . 1998 .
7. Morone MA , Boden SD . Experimental posterolateral lumbar spinal fusion with a
demineralized bone matrix gel. Spine 23 , 159 - 167 . 1998 .
8. Peterson B , Whang PG , Iglesias R , Wang , JC , Lieberman JR . Osteoinductivity of
Commercially Available Demineralized Bone Matrix. Preparations in a Spine Fusion
Model . J Bone Joint Surg Am 86 , 2243 - 2250 . 2004 .
9. Vallet - Regi M . Ceramics for medical applications . J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 100 , 97 -
108 . 2001 .
10. Landis WJ , Song MJ , Leith A . Mineral and organic matrix interaction in normally
calcifying tendon visualized in three dimensions by high-voltage electron microscop-
ic tomography and graphic image reconstruction. J Struct Biol 110 , 39 - 54 . 1993 .
Search WWH ::
Custom Search