Biomedical Engineering Reference
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avenues for bone repair 142 . The use of T - box (Tbx) factors — in particular, Tbx -
3—was studied in human adipose tissue stromal cells (hADSCs) by using a lenti-
virus si-RNA vector and it had proven that Tbx-3 played a role in proliferation
and osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells 143 .
16.4.2 Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells
Pittenger et al. indicated that by using stem cells from bone marrow aspirates
from humans, the undifferentiated cells had the potential to differentiate into
several lineages namely osteogenic, chodrogenic, adipocytic. When expanded to
colonies, the multi-linage potential of the cells were maintained 17 . One study by
Xin et al., showed that osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human
bone marrow derived stem cells when seeded on electrospun PLGA nanofi ber
scaffolds. The cells were treated with chondrogenic and osteogenic supplements.
Figure 16.8 shows that in both 2D and 3D PLGA constructs, the cellular pheno-
type in vitro after 14 days of cell seeding were retained 64 .
(a)
(b)
100 µ m
100 µ m
(c)
(d)
50.00 µ m
50 µ m
Figure 16.8. Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) Seeded on PLGA Nanofi ber Scaf-
folds. (A) H&E staining showing hMSCs in 2D construct before trypsinization and cell seeding.
(B) hMSCs on scaffold after Day 7. (C) hMSCs on 2D construct exhibited an elongated and
spindle morphology at Day 14 as shown using a confocal microscope. (D) Attachment of hMSCs
on 3D construct showed an elongated cellular morphology at Day 14 after cell seeding. 64
 
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