INTRODUCTION TO PROCESSING OF BIOMATERIALS - Advanced Biomaterials: Fundamentals, Processing, and Applications - page 251

Filament binding

Open mold

Vacuum bag
autoclave

Fiber reinforced

Compression

Injection molding

Composites
processing

Closed mold

Continuous
pultrusion

Hot pressing/Forging Composite flow

molding

Pre-drawing

Particle reinforced

Miscellaneous

Figure 8.5. Schematic representation of composite processing techniques.

Powder blending
and consolidation
Foil diffusion
bonding

Solid state

Electroplating/
Electroforming

Stir casting

Processing of
MMC

Pressureless
infiltration
Pressure assisted
infiltration

Centrifugal
casting
Squeeze
casting

Liquid state

Vapor deposition

Spray deposition

Reactive
processing

Rapid prototyping-
Lens ®

Figure 8.6. Schematic representation of processing techniques used for manufacturing
MMCs.

they possess unique manufacturing techniques (Figure 8.6) by virtue of metals
being their continuous phase. Depending on the properties desired in the fi nal
composite, processing can vary from conventional metal processing to advanced
rapid prototyping.
Discontinuous MMC's can be produced with standard metalworking tech-
niques, such as extrusion, forging or rolling as stated in the section 8.3.1.2 on
metals in this chapter. However, functionally graded MMC's [58] (in which the
composition and microstructure change gradually from one side to the other) and
cermets can be manufactured using techniques such as LENS ® [59]. In addition to
the aforementioned techniques, there are other processing techniques that have
been used for the fabrication of specifi c biocomposites as shown in Table 8.1 .