NANOMATERIALS FOR IMPROVED ORTHOPEDIC AND BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS - Advanced Biomaterials: Fundamentals, Processing, and Applications - page 217

Form Waviness Roughness

Figure 7.5. From Wennerberg & Albrektsson (2000). Adapted from [82].

Figure 7.6. Scanning electron microscopy images of Ti compacts and Ti6Al4V compacts.
Increased nanostructured surface roughness was observed on nanophase compared to
conventional Ti and Ti6Al4V, Adapted from [17].

together under the term texture [81]. Affected by the surface roughness, the
composition of the initially adsorbed protein layers and the orientation of the
molecules adsorbed on the implant surfaces, have been shown to be an important
factor for osseointegration.
For example, compared with conventional metals, nanophase Ti, Ti6Al4V
(Figure 7.6) and CoCrMo have greatly increased surface roughness (Table 7.4)
and have been shown to signifi cantly promote osteoblast function [17]. The di-
mensions of nanometer surface features gave rise to larger amounts of inter-
particulate voids (with fairly homogeneous distribution) on nanophase Ti and
Ti6Al4V, unlike the corresponding conventional Ti and Ti6Al4V compacts;