Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
7
NANOMATERIALS FOR
IMPROVED ORTHOPEDIC AND
BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING
APPLICATIONS
Lijie Zhang, Sirinrath Sirivisoot,
Ganesh Balasundaram, and Thomas J. Webster
Divisions of Engineering and Orthopedics, Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island
Contents
7.1 Overview
206
7.2 Introduction
206
7.2.1 Problems With the Current Orthopedic Implants
207
7.2.2 Reasons for Implant Failures
207
7.2.2.1 Loosening of the Implant
208
7.2.2.2 Osteolysis
210
7.2.2.3 Other Complications (Wear of Articulating Surfaces,
Fractures, etc.)
212
7.3 Nanomaterials for Improved Orthopedic and Bone Tissue
Engineering Applications
212
7.3.1 Nanostructured Ceramics
213
7.3.1.1 Special Surface Properties of Nanophase Ceramics for Improved
Orthopedic Implants
213
7.3.1.2 Enhanced Mechanical Properties of Nanophase Ceramics
217
7.3.2 Nanostructured Metals
220
7.3.3 Nanostructured Polymers
223
7.3.3.1 Nanostructured Biodegradable Polymers as Bone Tissue
Engineering Scaffolds
223
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