Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Analyte in body fluid
Glucose, cholesterol,
lactate, protein, DNA
Recognition element
Immobilised enzyme,
antibody, oligonucleotide
Transducer
Optical, electrochemical,
piezoelectric, thermal
Amplification of
output signal
Quantification of
analyte of interest
11.1 Principle of biosensor function.
point-of-care testing and rapid diagnostics, which are becoming widely used
in various hospital settings. In vivo uses of biosensors include temporary
catheter-tipped sensors and the more complex application of totally
implanted biosensors. As well as current applications, the potential of
implanted sensors is also discussed, including some of the biocompatibility
issues limiting this technology and the biomaterials and nanotechnology
solutions that are proposed to improve the outcome of such sensors. Some
in vitro applications of biosensors are also considered with relation to the
tissue engineering and materials testing for the circulatory system.
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11.2 Biosensor technology
This section covers broadly the technology that has been developed to date,
which makes the sensing of biochemical analytes in the cardiovascular
system possible. There are two principal approaches to biosensing: electro-
chemical and optical techniques (although other methods, employing
mechanical, piezoelectric and thermal transducers are also used).
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