Nanotechnology and nanomedicine in cardiovascular therapy - Biomaterials and Devices for the Circulatory System - page 253

Table 9.1 Bimodal nanoparticles

Imaging
modality (as
well as MRI) Nanoparticle Current state of development

Gold core
encapsulated in a
shell of gadolinium
chelates

CT Mouse and rat model study - these

nanoparticles are suitable for dual
modality imaging of blood vessels
without undesirable accumulation
in the lungs, spleen and liver
(Alric et al. , 2008)

Aliphatic amine
polystyrene bead

PET In vitro development (Jarrett et al. ,

2008)

Iron oxide
nanostructure

PET In vitro development (Jarrett et al. ,

2008)

Amine terminated
cross-linked
superparamagnetic
iron oxide
(CLIO)-Cy5.5

Fluorescence In a mouse model, MRI and

fl uorescence confi rmed
accumulation in infarcted regions
of the myocardium (Sosnovik
et al. , 2007)

Silica shell quantum
dot with
gadolinum

Fluorescence In a rat model, there was no

alteration in physiological
parameters after nanoparticle
injection (Bakalova et al. , 2008)

Gadolinium oxide
embedded in a
polysiloxane shell

Fluorescence In a mouse model, this nanoparticle

is suitable for imaging of blood
vessels without undesirable
accumulation in the lungs and
liver (Bridot et al. , 2007)

may fi ll this void. α v β 3 -Integrin is a receptor expressed on platelets for vit-

ronectin which is found in the extracellular matrix.

α v β 3 -Integrin targeted
paramagnetic nanoparticles injected intravenously into a rabbit model of
atherosclerosis localised to areas of angiogenesis (a feature of plaque devel-
opment) could be detected by MRI as 47

￿ ￿ ￿ ￿ ￿

5% enhancement in signal
(Winter et al. , 2003). High density lipoprotein-based nanoparticles can
localise to areas of atherosclerosis in a mouse model (Frias et al. , 2006).
Similarly, a nanoprobe consisting of a hydrophobically modifi ed glycosol
chitosan nanoparticle conjugated with an atherosclerotic plaque-recognis-
ing peptide (AP peptide) and labelled with Cy5.5 appears to aggregate in
atherosclerotic regions in mice (Park et al. , 2008).
Interestingly a trimodal imaging (PET, MRI and fl uorescence) nanopar-
ticle consisting of a magnetofl uorescent nanoparticle labelled with 64 Cu
when injected into a mouse model of atherosclerosis accumulated at sites
of atherogenesis at amounts two to three times higher than controls
(Nahrendorf et al. , 2008).

±