Adaptive Optical Microscopy Using Direct Wavefront Measurements - Adaptive Optics for Biological Imaging - page 323

image. plane,. w . is. the. wavefront. measurement,. and.λ. is. the. wavelength. at. which. the. measurement.
was.taken.
A.measurement.of.the.wavefront.from.a.1.μm.crimson.luorescent.microsphere.embedded.45.μm.below.the.
surface.of.a. Drosophila .embryo.using.a.dry.20×.(0.40.NA).objective.lens.is.shown.in.Figure 17.8..he.distance.
between.points.is.equal.to.the.subaperture.diameter,. d LA. ,.for.a.total.of.216.apertures.on.the.circular.pupil..As.
can.be.seen.from.Figure.17.8,.the.PV.wavefront.error.is.~0.56.μm.and.the.RMS.wavefront.error.for.this.mea-
surement.is.0.09.μm..Figure.17.9.shows.the.Zernike.coeicients.for.the.wavefront.shown.in.Figure 17.8..As.can.

Wavefront with no Tip, Tilt, and Focus

0.3

18

0.25

16

0.2

0.15

14

0.1

12

0.05

10

0

8

- 0.05

6

- 0.1

- 0.15

4

- 0.2

2

2 4 6 8 10

X (Apertures)

12 14 16 18

FIGuRE 17.8 A.wavefront.measurement.from.a.1.μm.luorescent.microsphere.embedded.45.μm.below.the.surface.
of.a. Drosophila .embryo.using.a.20×.(0.40.NA).objective.lens.with.tip,.tilt,.and.focus.subtracted..he. x .and. y .axes.are.
scaled.to.the.subaperture.diameter..he.grayscale.is.labeled.in.micrometers.

Zernike coe cient value

0.03

Astigmatism

0.02

Astigmatism

0.01

0

- 0.01

- 0.02

- 0.03

5 10

Zernike coe cient index

15 20 25

FIGuRE 17.9 Zernike.coeicient.values.for.the.wavefront.shown.in.Figure.17.8..Astigmatism.is.labeled.