Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Electrode
out (V)
in
Electrode
V
dc to 3 GHz
850, 1300, or 1550 nm
5-15 V drive voltages
7-9 V drive voltages
5 GHz BW
Drift free dc bias operation
FIGURE 5.34
LiNbO
3
phase modulators.
high density crossconnects, wavelength converter devices, optical switches,
add-drop multiplexers, amplifiers and transceivers, fiber gratings, equal-
izing filters, bandwidth management, circulators, modules, and integrated
packages, and a range of interface components and connectors. Successful
developers require flexible material systems and technology approaches.
Integration of key functions on planar optical platforms improves reliability
and lowers ultimate integration costs. Mixed optic and electronic solutions
best adapted to market needs provide the optimum strategy. Fiber grat-
ing devices providing optical networking enhancements include switches,
adjustable filters, network monitors, add-drop filters, gain flatteners, and dis-
persion compensators.
5.12.1 Fiber-Optic Couplers
The most successful coupler manufacturing technology to date is the fused
biconical taper (FBT) process. This involves placing two center-stripped fibers
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