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A-
Polarizer
C
Out
Electrode
B-
Exclusive-NOR
Exclusive-OR
B
Out
A
B
Out
A
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
Initial condition-in phase
Initial condition-180°
out of phase
Out
Out
A
B
A
B
off
off
off
on
off
off
off
on
on
off
on
on
off
off
on
on
off
on
on
on
off
(a)
on
on
off
A
1
A
Polarizer
C
1
C
B
B
1
Hybrid optical gates
NOR
AND
A
B
Out
A
B
Out
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
Initial condition - in phase
A
B
Out
Out
Out (C
1
)
A
1
=A
(B
1
= off)
(B
1
= on)
off
off
on
off
on
off
off
off
(or)
on
off
off
off
off
off
on
on
off
off
(b)
on
on
on
on
FIGURE 3.16
(a) “Double-Y” Mach-Zehnder interferometer logic gate. (b) Cascade MZI gate.
(
continued
)
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