Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 2.7
(
a
) Confocal images showing lysosomes (stained in
red
) within epicardial mesothelial
cells (nuclei stained
blue
), interacting with Fe
3
O
4
NPs at different incubation temperatures.
(
b
) Quantification of the lysosome area/nuclear area, calculated by image analysis of confocal
images (adapted with permission from [
32
])
where
c
V
p
/V
0
is the volume ratio of protein molecule to an NP. These volumes
are calculated using
V
0
¼
¼
(
r
h
(0))
3
and
V
p
¼
π
(
M
w
/
N
A
)/
ρ
p
, with the molecular
weight,
M
w
, of HSA; the Avogadro constant,
N
A
; and the protein density,
(4
/3)
ρ
p
¼
1.35
g/cm
3
[
12
]. Concentration-dependent adsorption is described by the Hill equation
1
N
¼
N
max
(2.2)
n
1
þ
ð
K
0
D
=
½
HSA
Þ
where
K'
D
represents the concentration of HSA molecules for half coverage and
n
is
the Hill coefficient which determines the steepness of the binding curve [
12
].
The cellular uptake results of the various nanoparticles are presented in Fig.
2.7
;
according to the results, one can conclude that the temperature of the target part of
the body should be considered in designing nanoparticles for high-yield biomedical
specific applications (e.g., drug delivery and imaging).
In addition to the effect of incubating temperature, the effects of local slight heat
induction (by laser activation) have been also investigated [
34
]. More specifically,
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-stabilized (CTAB-stabilized) gold nanorods
(see Fig.
2.8
) were incubated with different concentrations of FBS (i.e., 10 and
100 %), and their corona compositions were evaluated before and after laser
activation. The compositional changes of the protein corona for the representative
