Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 2.3 Stresses (Pa) in the load ( horizontal ) direction in the facings of the optimized plate
subject to the buckling load ( left :0
layers, right :90
layers)
Fig. 2.4 Stresses (Pa) in the direction perpendicular to the load in the facings of the optimized
plate subject to the buckling load ( left :0
layers, right :90
layers). The load is acting in the
horizontal direction
realistic engineering structures (e.g., an ellipsoidal boundary between regions with
different fiber volume fractions is unlikely to be endorsed by industry).
In addition to the stability analysis, structural optimization of a compressed plate
should ensure that the stresses in the facings and core remain below the allowable
limit. The stress check results for the compressed optimized panel shown in Fig. 2.2
are demonstrated in Figs. 2.3 and 2.4 . It was found that the stresses in the facings
and core do not exceed the allowable level for the respective materials. It should be
noted that the issue of strength of facings with variable fiber content involves both
the check of local stresses as well as the update of the material strength dependent
on the local fiber volume fraction. Such local failure modes as face wrinkling or
kinking and core shear failure (e.g., [ 98 ]) did not present a problem in the present
example. The stresses in the core that remained within the safe range are not shown
here for brevity.
It is interesting to compare an optimization of a representative aerospace sand-
wich plate illustrated in this example with the optimization found in such biological
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